Abstract: Organic matter (OM) would reflect the content of organic pollutants in the surface sediments as a whole,and release nutrients in the sediments that could cause water pollution and affect the utilization of water resources.It also has adverse effects on organisms and microorganisms in the water body. In this study,twelve monitoring sites were set up in the whole area of Yilong Lake to measure and analyze the organic matter content in the surface sediments. Based on the statistical results,the causes of the organic matter content and its spatial distribution in surface sediments were discussed. The content of organic matter was analyzed preliminarily. This study was expected to provide background information for the lake Area and provided theoretical guidance for the prevention and control of the input of exogenous organic matter.