Abstract: To address pollution generated by industrial production, China has implemented pollution discharge permit system management. However, challenges persist in post-permit supervision due to the gaps in the regulatory framework. This study focused on the issues related to post-permit supervision in Yunnan Province, aiming to improve its management practices. Using a combination of literature analysis and field investigations, the key challenges and proposes strategies to strengthen the supervision system study were identified. The findings highlighted several issues involving in an incomplete regulatory framework, weak enforcement, limited supervisory methods, and outdated technologies. To address these problems, recommendations were made to improve institutional frameworks, enhance enforcement capacity, diversify supervisory tools, and adopt advanced technologies.Future research should explore practical approaches and effective timelines for implementing these improvements. Such efforts could provide more detailed guidance for refining the post-permit supervision system in Yunnan Province and beyond.