Abstract: Taking the surrounding farmland of a phosphorus chemical industry cluster in Sichuan Province as an example, a survey on As, Hg, Cd, Pb, and Zn in farmland soil was conducted. The pollution level of heavy metals was appraised making use of single factor index evaluation method and Nemerow pollution index evaluation method. Combined with the method of the ordinary kriging interpolation, the distribution condition of heavy metal pollutants in the study area was analyzed, and the sources of pollutants were analyzed using correlation coefficient and principal component analysis. The results showed that the maximum values of As, Hg, Cd, Pb, and Zn in farmland soil were 94.2 mg/kg, 6.35 mg/kg, 27.6 mg/kg, 327 mg/kg, and 5690 mg/kg, respectively, all exceeding the national risk screening values and the background values of soil elements in Sichuan Province. The average single factor pollution index showed Cd(2.82)>Zn(0.81)>Hg(0.48)>Pb(0.28)>As(0.27). The pollution levels of the five heavy metals were highest near the sewage collection tank in the northeast corner of the farmland in the study area, with As, Hg, Pb, and Zn exceeding the standard concentrated in the northeast corner, and Cd pollution almost spreading throughout the entire study area. The coefficient of variation of each heavy metal was greater than 100%, indicating a strong degree of variation. The results of relevance analysis and primary component analysis showed that there was a highly significant positive correlation between each pair of the five heavy metals, and industrial activities and agricultural planting were the main causes of soil heavy metal pollution in the study area.