Abstract: This paper investigated the pollution source structure and emission status of the year of 2020 in Yuanjiang County.The investigation indicated that the main source of pollutant emissions was non-point sources.The emissions of COD,NH₃-N,TN,and TP from non-point sources accounted for 76.63%,94.50%,91.07%,and 97.01%of the total emissions,respectively.The emissions of agricultural fertilizers accounted for 26.1%,65.3%,50.9%,and 65.5%of the total emissions,respectively.In response to the fact that non-point source pollution was the main problem affecting the water environment quality of Yuanjiang River,it was proposed to strengthen agricultural non-point source control,to deepen urban-rural point source control,to implement pollution control in 174 villages along the river,to promote the construction of waste incineration power plants （200 t/d）,and to implement five precise prevention and control measures for soil erosion control and ecological restoration of 48.2 km² in dry and hot river valleys.