Abstract: As an important ecological security barrier in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, Chishui River (Zhaotong Section) undertakes the strategic task of maintaining regional ecological security. According to the status quo of ecological environmental protection in the Chishui River Basin, the research on ecological environmental protection investigation and ecological compensation assessment of Chishui River (Zhaotong Section) were carried out to provide the theoretical basis for the study of the ecological compensation mechanism in the Chishui River Basin. It also comprehensively promotes the coordinated development between environment and economy in the basin.