Abstract: The soil and underground water have been found to be polluted by heavy metals in the areas where frequent mining activities were developed in Yunnan. The smelter site of one metallurgical plant in Yunnan was investigated and evaluated focusing on the risk of carcinogenesis of soil pollutant over the acceptable risk level. Meanwhile, the underground water pollutant may flow down to contaminate the underground water downward. Combining the developing and utilizing planning of the area as well as the economic and environmental benefits of pollution control, the risk control proposal aiming to prevent the spreading of the pollution were put forward. The benefits of the risk control were presented as well.