Abstract: Taking the soil of 7 typical villages in Urumqi, including planting, commercial tourism, animal husbandry and ecological type, as the research object, a total of 35 monitoring points were set up, and the heavy metal pollution indicators of rural soil were measured and analyzed. The standard evaluation, Nemeiro pollution index and health risk assessment model were used to evaluate the distribution characteristics of farmland soil heavy metals, environmental quality and health risks. The monitoring results showed that the environmental quality of rural soil in Urumqi is at a clean（safe） level; R-hand-The carcinogenic risk of mouth, R skin, R breathing, and RT are all within the safe range of 10^-6～10^-4, and there is no carcinogenic risk; the non-carcinogenic risk of each heavy metal element HQ and the total non-carcinogenic total of 8 heavy metal elements The risk HI does not exceed 1, and there is no non-carcinogenic risk to the residents.