Abstract: Taking Urumqi city as the research area, this paper analyzed the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of aerosol products on a large scale by using the MOD04-L2 aerosol product data of 2010, 2015 and 2020 and the MOD13A3 normalized vegetation index monthly product using pixel dichotomy and Pearson correlation coefficient method. The results showed that the monthly variation of aerosol optical depth((AOD) was high in April and August, the quarterly variation was high in spring and summer, and the annual variation was high in 2020; The spatial changes were mainly concentrated in Midong district and the central city. AOD was negatively correlated with vegetation coverage. There were differences in the distribution of AOD and vegetation coverage on different land cover types.