Abstract: Conducting an effectiveness valuation of ecological protection and restoration projects is an inevitable requirement for mastering the implementation effect, optimizing restoration technology measures, and improving project management efficiency. As an important component of holistically ecological conservation and restoration projects of mountains, rivers, forests, farmlands, lakes,grasslands, and deserts, forest ecological conservation and restoration projects have not yet formed a mature and unified technical method for their effectiveness evaluation. On the basis of sorting out the main measures for forest conservation and restoration, this study focused on the changes in ecological environment and socio-economic from the project measures, and combined relevant standards to construct a set of effectiveness evaluation index system that comprehended qualitative and quantitative, and commonality and individuality. An effectiveness evaluation method based on target achievement rate was proposed. The research results have certain guiding significance for the effectiveness evaluation practice of forest ecological conservation and restoration project.