Abstract: In order to eliminate the black and odorous water bodies in the DianchiLake basin of Kunming, the possible pollution sources were analyzed in consideration of the whole environmental situation along the river basin, and the pollutant load from different sources was calculated. The results showed that the main causes of black and odorous water pollution are direct sewage pollution, combined system overflow pollution and non-point source pollution. Through the implementation of a number of measures such as controlling point-source pollution, internal source management, ecological restoration, living water, and long-acting mechanism, the total elimination of black and smelly water bodies in the main urban areas could be achieved.