Abstract: Based on the water quality monitoring data of the national control monitoring site in Caizi Lake from 2011 to 2023, the pollution characteristics and water environmental health risks of the lake were analyzed by the blue city surface water quality index,comprehensive pollution index, comprehensive trophic level index, and environmental health risk model. The results showed that the water quality of Caizi Lake was classified as Class IV during the 12^th Five Year Plan period. However, the water quality has basically been classified as Class III, excluding Class IV in 2018 since 2016. The concentrations of total phosphorus, total nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen showed a significant downward trend, while the degree of eutrophication showed a significant upward trend.The concentrations of total phosphorus and total nitrogen were higher in winter and spring, and the lowest in summer, while the concentration of chemical oxygen demand and permanganate index was the highest in summer, and lower in winter and spring. The total human health risks caused by drinking water were generally "low to medium" risk, excluding "medium to high" risk in 2016.The health risks of chemical carcinogens were much greater than those of non-carcinogenic chemical toxic substances. The human health risk caused by hexavalent chromium was the highest among chemical carcinogens, followed by arsenic and cadmium.