Abstract: In order to analyze the relationship between zooplankton community structure and environmental factors in the upper section of Hanjiang River, the Hanzhong section was taken as the study area and sampling sites were set in May, 2021, November,2021 and April, 2022, respectively. The species composition and community structure of zooplankton were studied, and Pearson correlation analysis and redundancy analysis were applied to reveal the key driving factors of zooplankton community structure.The results showed that a total of 46 zooplankton species were identified, among of which, rotifers accounted for 50%. The range of zooplankton density was 520～810 ind./L. There were more species in the Mianxian and Chenggu sections than the central urban section. The Margalef index of zooplankton was 2.65～4.37, and the Shannon-Wiener index was 2.49～3.65. The water quality in the Hanzhong section of the river was light polluted. The results of correlation analysis and redundancy analysis indicated that the main environmental factors driving the zooplankton community structure were temperature, BOD5 and phosphorus nutrients.