云南省个旧冶炼废水灌区7种植物对重金属富集作用的研究

Study on Enrichment of Heavy Metals by Seven Kinds of Plants in Gejiu Smelting Wastewater Irrigation Area

  • 摘要: 云南省个旧市乍甸镇牛奶小镇因冶炼废水灌溉导致土壤中砷、镉等重金属含量严重超标。为研究试验区域植物对重金属的富集特性,选取试验地块的土壤及其上生长的7种乡土植物灰藜(Chenopodium album L.)、萝卜(Raphanus sativus L.)、苜蓿(Medicago Sativa L.)、续断菊(Sonchus asper L.)、燕麦(Avena sativa L.)、救荒野豌豆(Vicia sativa L.)和油菜(Brassica napus L.),对植株体内的重金属元素(砷、镉、铬、铅)含量进行测定,结果发现:7种植物均能富集重金属元素,萝卜、续断菊和油菜叶部对Cd的富集系数> 1,可作为Cd的富集植物用于重金属植物修复,救荒野豌豆因其强大的生物转移能力,可将重金属由地下部分转移至地上部分,以达到对重金属的修复。因此,对于该重金属污染地块,野豌豆和续断菊可作为优良的重金属修复品种。

     

    Abstract: The contents of heavy metals such as arsenic and cadmium in soil in the milk town of Zhadian,Gejiu City,Yunnan Province was excessive due to the irrigation of smelting wastewater. To study the enrichment features of the heavy metals of the local plants,soils of test plots,seven kinds of native plants (Chenopodium album L.,Raphanus sativus L.,Medicago Sativa L.,Sonchus asper L.,Avena sativa L.,Vicia sativa L. and Brassica napus L.) were selected to examine the accumulations of heavy metal elements (arsenic,cadmium,chromium,and lead) of the plants. The capacity to endure and enrich different heavy metals was analyzed. The results found that the seven kinds of plants could enrich the heavy metals in varying degrees. The cadmium enrichment of radish,huaxiedian sowthistle and rape leaf exceeded 1,which makes them possible become cadmium enrichment plants for phytoremediation of heavy metals. At the same time,because wild peas had powerful biological transfer capacity,wild peas could be used to transfer heavy metal from underground to upper ground to restore heavy metals. Therefore,for this plots of heavy metal contaminated soil,wild peas and huaxiedian sowthistle possessed excellent heavy metal transfer capacity,and could be used as outstanding heavy metal remediation plants

     

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