Abstract: It is very important to scientifically plan the development of population and industry,because county level is a basic unit for national economic and social development. Resources and environment is the material basis for the development of population and industry. The major premise of harmonious development between them is that the resources and environmental carrying capacity is non-overloading. So this paper tried to put forward a universal method for the regulation of regional population and industry based on the resources and environmental carrying capacity. First of all,the many linear programming models respectively were built by constraints of water consumption,pollutants environment capacity,cultivated and construction land area,etc. Based on the benchmark and planning mode of population and industry development,reasonable level of resources and environment efficiency coefficients were established referred to relevant standards and data (such as eco-counties create standards).Then,an interval bi-objective programming model was built to establish the suitable size of population and economic development based on the resources and environment efficiency coefficients. The resources and environment efficiency coefficient and the suitable size of population and economic development constituted the optimization model of regional social and economic development. Based on the above theory,the reliability of this method was confirmed with an example of Longyang district,Yunnan province. The total amount of the population and GDP successively could be controlled within the range of 1. 1026-1. 2229 million people,341. 80-390. 63 million Yuan,respectively.